Umbono ubandakanya iinkalo ezininzi, ezifana nombono ocacileyo, umbono wombala, umbono we-stereoscopic, kunye nombono wefom. Okwangoku, iilensi ezahlukeneyo ezingagxininisi zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-myopia kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo, ezifuna ukuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo. Kolu shicilelo, sizakwazisa ngokufutshane ukuchaneka kokulungiswa kwe-myopia kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo, sigxile kubuncinci bobona mbono ulungileyo kumyalelo wokuphinda usincede sikhethe ezifanelekileyo.ukubonaiilensi.
Ubuncinci beqondo lokubona kakuhle kufuneka luhlalutywe ngononophelo ukufumanisa xa kufanelekile ukulungisa umbono ukuya ku-1.5 kwaye xa kufanelekile ukulungisa umbono ongaphantsi kwe-1.5. Oku kubandakanya ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezifuna ukuchaswa okuchanekileyo kwaye zeziphi iimeko ezinokunyamezela ukungalungiswa. Inkcazo yowona mbono ungcono nayo kufuneka icaciswe.
Ukuchaza imilinganiselo yemigangatho yokubona
Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa abantu bethetha nge-acuity acuity, babhekisela kwifomu yombono, okukwazi kwamehlo ukwahlula izinto zangaphandle. Kwinkqubo yeklinikhi, i-acuity ebonakalayo ihlolwe ngokuyinhloko kusetyenziswa ishadi elibonakalayo. Ngaphambili, iitshathi eziphambili ezazisetyenziswa yayiyitshathi yomgangatho wokubonwa yamazwe ngamazwe okanye itshati yedesimali ebonakalayo. Okwangoku, itshati ye-logarithmic visual acuity chart isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ngelixa ubuchwephesha obuthile obukhethekileyo bunokufuna itshathi yobuchule obubonakalayo bohlobo lwe-C. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwetshati olusetyenzisiweyo, i-acuity ebonakalayo ivavanywa ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-0.1 ukuya kwi-1.5, kunye ne-logarithmic visual acuity chart ukusuka kwi-0.1 ukuya kwi-2.0.
Xa iliso likwazi ukubona ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.0, kuthathwa njengomgangatho wokubonwa oqhelekileyo. Ngelixa uninzi lwabantu lukwazi ukubona ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.0, kukho ipesenti encinci yabantu abanokugqithisa eli nqanaba. Inani elincinane kakhulu labantu liyakwazi nokubona ngokucacileyo njenge-2.0, kunye nophando kwiilabhoratri ezicebisa ukuba obona buchule bokubona bunokufikelela kwi-3.0. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lweklinikhi luthatha i-1.0 njengomgangatho wokubonwa oqhelekileyo, oqhele ukubizwa ngokuba ngumbono oqhelekileyo.
1 Umgama womlinganiselo
I-'Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart' imisela ukuba umgama woviwo uziimitha ezi-5.
2 Uvavanyo lweNdawo
Itshati ye-acuity acuity kufuneka ixhonywe kwindawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle, kunye nokuphakama kwayo kulungelelaniswe ukuze umgca obhalwe '0' kwitshati ukwinqanaba elifanayo namehlo omfundi. Umhloli kufuneka abekwe kwiimitha ezi-5 ukusuka kwitshathi, ejongene nomthombo wokukhanya ukuphepha ukukhanya okuthe ngqo ukungena emehlweni.
3 Indlela yokulinganisa
Iliso ngalinye kufuneka livavanywe ngokwahlukileyo, kuqalwa ngeliso lasekunene lilandelwe liliso lasekhohlo. Xa uvavanya iliso elinye, elinye iliso kufuneka ligutyungelwe ngesixhobo se-opaque ngaphandle kokufaka uxinzelelo. Ukuba umvavanyi unokufunda kuphela ukuya kumgca we-6 ngokucacileyo, ibhalwe njenge-4.6 (0.4); ukuba bayakwazi ukufunda umgca we-7 ngokucacileyo, ubhalwe njengo-4.7 (0.5), njalo njalo.
Umgca omncinci wombono onokuthi umhloli uchonge kufuneka uqatshelwe (ubungqina bomviwo buqinisekisiwe ukuba bufikelele kwelo xabiso xa inani elichongiweyo ngokuchanekileyo le-optotypes lidlula isiqingatha senani elipheleleyo le-optotypes kumqolo ohambelanayo). Ixabiso lalo mgca lirekhodwa njengento ebonakalayo yaloo liso.
Ukuba umviwa akakwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo unobumba 'E' kumgca wokuqala wetshati ngeliso elinye, kufuneka acelwe ukuba aqhubele phambili ade abone ngokucacileyo. Ukuba banokuyibona ngokucacileyo kwiimitha ezi-4, ukubonakala kwabo ku-0.08; kwiimitha ezi-3, ngu-0.06; kwiimitha ezi-2, ngu-0.04; kwimitha eyi-1, yi-0.02. I-acuity ye-acuity ye-5.0 (1.0) okanye ngaphezulu ithathwa njengesiqhelo esiqhelekileyo.
4 Ubudala boMvavanyi
Ngokuqhelekileyo, uphuhliso lweliso lomntu luhambela phambili ukusuka ekuboneni kude ukuya kwi-emmetropia kwaye emva koko ukuya ekuboneni kufutshane. Ngoovimba besiqhelo bendawo yokuhlala, i-acuity yomntwana engalungiswanga ijikeleze i-0.5 kwi-4-5 yeminyaka ubudala, malunga ne-0.6 kwiminyaka emi-6 ubudala, malunga ne-0.7 kwiminyaka eyi-7 ubudala, kwaye malunga ne-0.8 kwiminyaka eyi-8 ubudala. Noko ke, imeko yeliso lomntwana iyahluka, yaye kufanele kubalwe ngokokwahluka komntu ngamnye.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-acuity ye-5.0 (1.0) okanye ngaphezulu kwe-iso enye ithathwa njengesiqhelo esibonakalayo. Ubuchule bokubona obuqhelekileyo akufuneki bumele umbono ogqwesileyo womviwa.
Iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeRefractive kumaXesha ahlukeneyo
1 Ulutsha (iminyaka eyi-6-18 ubudala)
Ingcali ikhankanyiwe, "Ukulungiswa ngaphantsi kokulungiswa ngokulula kunokukhokelela ekunyuseni kwe-diopter. Ngoko ke, abakwishumi elivisayo kufuneka babe nokulungiswa okufanelekileyo."
Oogqirha bamehlo abaninzi bebedla ngokunikezela ngemigqaliselo esezantsi kancinane, eyaziwa njengokungalungiswanga kakuhle, xa beqhuba iimviwo zamehlo kubantwana be-myopic kunye nabafikisayo. Babekholelwa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nemiyalelo yolungiso olupheleleyo, imimiselo yokulungiswa kwemigaqo engaphantsi kokulungiswa kwayo yayimkelwa ngokulula ngakumbi ngabazali, njengoko abazali babemadolw’ anzima ukuba abantwana babo banxibe iindondo ezinamandla kakhulu, besoyikela ukuba i<em>diopter iya kwanda ngokukhawuleza, yaye benexhala lokuba ezo ndondo ziya kuba yimfuneko ngokusisigxina. . Oogqirha bamehlo nabo bacinga ukuba ukunxiba iiglasi ezingalungiswanga kungacothisa ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia.
Ukungalungiswa kakuhle kwe-myopia kubhekiselele ekunxibeni iiglasi ezinomyalelo ophantsi kunesiqhelo, okukhokelela ekulungisweni kobuchule bokubona obungaphantsi komgangatho oqhelekileyo we-1.0 (ngelixa ungafezekisi imigangatho yokubona kakuhle). Umsebenzi obonakalayo we-binocular wabantwana kunye nolutsha lukwinqanaba elingazinzanga kwaye umbono ocacileyo uyimfuneko ukuze kugcinwe uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lomsebenzi wabo we-binocular vision.
Ukunxiba iindondo ezingalungiswanga akuthinteli nje ukukwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo ebantwaneni nakwishumi elivisayo kodwa kuthintela ukukhula okunempilo kombono. Xa ujonga kufuphi nezinto, indawo yokuhlala encinci kunye namandla okudibanisa kunesiqhelo asetyenziswayo, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni komsebenzi wokubonwa kwe-binocular ngokuhamba kwexesha, okubangela ukukhathala okubonakalayo, kunye nokukhawuleza ukuqhubela phambili kwe-myopia.
Abantwana akufuneki banxibe kuphela iiglasi ezilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo kodwa, ukuba umsebenzi wabo wokubonwayo ukwimeko embi, banokufuna uqeqesho lombono ukuze baphucule ukujolisa kwamehlo abo ukuze bathomalalise ukudinwa kwamehlo kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia ebangelwa kukusebenza okungaqhelekanga kokugxila. Oku kunceda abantwana bafezekise umgangatho ocacileyo, okhululekileyo, kunye nozinzileyo.
Abantu abadala aba-2 (iminyaka eyi-19-40 ubudala)
Kwithiyori, amanqanaba e-myopia kweli qela leminyaka azinzile, kunye nesantya sokuhamba kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezinto ezisingqongileyo, abantu abachitha ixesha elide besebenzisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki badla ngokuwandisa ngakumbi amanqanaba abo e-myopia. Ngokomgaqo, owona myalelo uphantsi uyimfuneko ukufezekisa umbono ofanelekileyo kufuneka ube yingqwalasela ephambili, kodwa uhlengahlengiso lunokwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwinduduzo yabathengi kunye neemfuno ezibonakalayo.
Amanqaku ekufuneka eqatshelwe:
(1) Ukuba ukunyuka okuphawulekayo kwi-diopter kubonwa ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwamehlo, ukunyuka kokuqala kwemithi akufanele kudlule -1.00D. Nika ingqalelo kwiimpawu eziphazamisayo ezifana nokuhamba, ukuphazamiseka komhlaba, isiyezi, ukucaca kombono okufutshane, ukuvutha kwamehlo, ukuphazamiseka kwezikrini ze-electronic device, njl. Ukuba ezi zimpawu ziqhubeka emva kokugqoka iiglasi ze-5 imizuzu, cinga ukunciphisa umyalelo de ikhululekile.
(2) Kubantu abaneemfuno eziphezulu zemisebenzi efana nokuqhuba okanye ukujonga iintetho, kwaye ukuba umthengi ukhululekile ngokulungiswa okupheleleyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba asebenzise ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo. Ukuba kukho ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwezixhobo zombane, cinga ukusebenzisa iilensi zedijithali.
(3) Kwiimeko zokwanda ngequbuliso kwe-myopia, khumbula okunokwenzeka kwe-accommodative spasm (pseudo-myopia). Ngexesha leemviwo zamehlo, qinisekisa owona myalelo uphantsi ofunekayo ukuze ubone kakuhle emehlweni omabini, ugweme ukulungiswa. Ukuba kukho imiba engalunganga okanye engazinzanga ye-acuity ebonakalayo, cinga ukwenza iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo zomsebenzi wokubonwayo. "
3 Abemi abaDala (abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu)
Ngenxa yokuhla kwesakhono sokuhlala iliso, eli qela leminyaka lihlala lifumana i-presbyopia. Ngaphandle kokugxininisa kwi-prescription yombono womgama, kubalulekile ukuhlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwisilungiso sombono okufutshane xa uchaza iiglasi zeli qela leminyaka kwaye uqwalasele ukuguquguquka komthengi kwiinguqu zemigqaliselo.
Amanqaku ekufuneka eqatshelwe:
(1) Ukuba abantu bavakalelwa kukuba umyalelo wabo wangoku ayanelanga kwaye unemfuno ephezulu yombono womgama, emva kokuqinisekisa umyalelo wombono womgama, kubalulekile ukujonga umbono okufutshane. Ukuba kukho iimpawu zokudinwa okubonakalayo okanye ukwehla kombono okufutshane ngenxa yokuncipha kwesakhono sokuhlala, cinga ngokumisela iperi yeelensi ezininzi eziqhubekayo.
(2) Ukuguquguquka kuphantsi kweli qela lobudala. Qinisekisa ukuba ukunyuka ngalunye kumyalelo wokubona kufutshane akudluli -1.00D. Ukuba ukungakhululeki kuyaqhubeka emva kokunxiba iindondo kangangemizuzu emi-5, cinga ngokunciphisa ummiselo de ukhululeke.
(3) Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala, kusenokubakho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo orhatyazo. Ukuba kukho ukuphambuka kwi-acuity ebonakalayo echanekileyo (<0.5), krokrela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba i-cataract kumthengi. Uvavanyo olucacileyo esibhedlele luyimfuneko ukulawula impembelelo yezifo ze-ophthalmic.
Impembelelo yeBinocular Vision Function
Siyazi ukuba iziphumo ezifunyenwe kuvavanyo lwamehlo zibonisa imeko ye-refractive yamehlo ngelo xesha, eqinisekisa ngokubanzi umbono ocacileyo kumgama woviwo. Kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo yemihla ngemihla, xa sifuna ukubona izinto kwimigama eyahlukeneyo, sifuna uhlengahlengiso kunye ne-convergence-divergence (ukubandakanyeka komsebenzi we-binocular vision). Nangona amandla afanayo okuphinda ahlaziye, imimandla eyahlukeneyo yomsebenzi wombono we-binocular ifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa.
Sinokwenza lula izinto ezingaqhelekanga zombono we-binocular zibe ngamacandelo amathathu:
1 ukutenxa kwi-Ocular - Exophoria
Ukungahambi kakuhle okuhambelana nomsebenzi wombono we-binocular kunokubandakanya: ukudibanisa okunganelanga, ukuhlukana okugqithisileyo, kunye ne-exophoria elula.
Umgaqo wemiba enjalo kukusebenzisa ulungiso olufanelekileyo kunye nokuluncedisa ngoqeqesho olubonakalayo ukuphucula ukukwazi ukuhlangana kwamehlo omabini kunye nokunciphisa ukudinwa okubonakalayo okubangelwa yi-binocular vision abnormalities.
2 Ukutenxa kwi-Ocular - Esophoria
Ukungahambi kakuhle okuhambelana nomsebenzi wombono we-binocular kunokubandakanya: ukuhlangana okugqithisileyo, ukungafani okungonelanga, kunye ne-esophoria elula.
Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umgaqo kukuqwalasela ukungalungiswanga kakuhle ngelixa uqinisekisa umbono owaneleyo. Ukuba imisebenzi ekufutshane yombono iyenzeka rhoqo, iilensi zedijithali zinokusetyenziswa. Ukongeza, ukuncedisa ngoqeqesho olubonakalayo lokuphucula amandla okwahlukana kwawo omabini amehlo kunokuncedisa ukuthomalalisa ukudinwa okubonakalayo okubangelwa kukungaqheleki kombono we-binocular.
3 Iziphazamiso ngeendawo zokuhlala
Ikakhulu ibandakanya: Indawo yokuhlala engonelanga, indawo yokuhlala egqithisileyo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweendawo zokuhlala.
1 Indawo yokulala enganelanga
Ukuba yi-myopia, kunqande ukulungiswa ngokugqithisileyo, ukubeka phambili intuthuzelo, kwaye ucinge ngokungaphantsi kokulungiswa okusekwe kwimeko yokunxiba isilingo; ukuba yi-hyperopia, zama ukulungisa ngokupheleleyo umyalelo we-hyperopic kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukucaca.
2 Indawo Yokuhlala Ngokugqithisileyo
Kwi-myopia, ukuba i-lens ephantsi engqukuva ye-lens yombono ongcono ayinakunyanyezelwa, cinga ngolungiso olungaphantsi, ngakumbi kubantu abadala ababandakanyeka ngokuphambili emsebenzini ixesha elide. Ukuba i-hyperopia, zama ukulungisa ngokupheleleyo umyalelo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukucaca.
3 Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweNdawo yokuHlala
Kwi-myopia, ukuba i-lens esezantsi engqukuva engalunganga yokubona kakuhle ayinakunyanyezelwa, qwalasela ukulungiswa okungaphantsi. Ukuba i-hyperopia, zama ukulungisa ngokupheleleyo umyalelo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukucaca.
Ukuququmbela
Wxa kuziwa kwimigaqo ye-optometric, kufuneka siqwalasele uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto. Ngelixa sithathela ingqalelo ubudala, kufuneka siqwalasele umsebenzi wombono we-binocular. Kakade ke, kukho iimeko ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-strabismus, amblyopia, kunye ne-refractive anisometropia efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokwahlukileyo. Phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, ukufikelela kowona mbono ubalaseleyo kucela umngeni kwizakhono zobugcisa zogqirha wamehlo ngamnye. Sikholelwa ukuba ngokuqhubeka nokufunda, ugqirha wamehlo ngamnye unokuvavanya ngokupheleleyo kwaye abonelele ngedatha kagqirha echanekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-04-2024