I-Astigmatism sisifo samehlo esixhaphake kakhulu, esidla ngokubangelwa kukugoba kwecorneal. I-Astigmatism ininzi yenziwa ngokuzalwa, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, i-astigmatism ingenzeka ukuba i-chalazion yexesha elide icinezela i-eyeball ixesha elide. I-Astigmatism, njenge-myopia, ayinakuguqulwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-astigmatism engaphezu kwama-300 degrees ibizwa ngokuba yi-astigmatism ephezulu.
Kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezinxulumene neeglasi eziphezulu ze-astigmatism, ngakumbi kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo. Kumsebenzi wokwenyani, oogqirha bethu bamehlo bahlala bedibana nabantu abane-astigmatism ephezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha iilensi ezifanelekileyo kunye nezakhelo.
Umahluko wokucinga phakathi kwe-astigmatism kunye ne-myopia
Ubume be-cornea ayiqhelekanga, ayingqukuva kodwa i-ellipsoidal. Amandla e-refractive kwicala elithe nkqo kunye ne-horizontal direction yahlukile. Ngenxa yoko, emva kokuba ukukhanya kwangaphandle kuhlanjululwe yi-cornea, akukwazi ukugxininisa xa kungena ngaphakathi kwiso. Endaweni yoko, yenza umgca wogxininiso, obangela ukuba i-retina iye Intelekelelo imfiliba, ibangela ukulahleka kombono. Iingxaki nge-astigmatism, ngakumbi i-astigmatism ethambileyo, ayinakuba nempembelelo enkulu kumbono, kodwa amanqanaba aphezulu e-astigmatism aya kuba nefuthe kumbono.
I-Myopia yenzeka xa ukukhanya kwangaphandle kwe-parallel kungena kwi-eyeball kwaye kuchithwa yinkqubo ye-refraction yeliso. Ingqwalasela yomfanekiso ayikwazi ukuwela kwi-retina, ibangela ingxaki yokungaboni kakuhle kumgama. Kukho iiyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo kumfanekiso we-myopia kunye ne-astigmatism, kwaye zahluke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokubonwayo. Abantu abaninzi abanakuqonda ngokwaneleyo oku, okubangela ukubhideka.
Kukho inani elincinci lezigulane ezine-astigmatism elula, kwaye uninzi lwazo lune-astigmatism ekufutshane okanye i-astigmatism ekude. Kwinkqubo ye-optometry, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonelela ngezilungiso ezichazwe ngugqirha ngokusekelwe kumahluko we-imaging phakathi kwe-astigmatism kunye ne-myopia.
Inkcazo kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-astigmatism ephezulu
Ubunzima be-astigmatism buhlulwe ngokweqondo. I-Astigmatism engaphantsi kwe-150 degrees yi-astigmatism epholileyo, i-astigmatism phakathi kwe-150 kunye ne-300 degrees yi-astigmatism ephakathi, kunye ne-astigmatism engaphezu kwama-300 i-astigmatism ephezulu. I-astigmatism ephezulu inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni ethu:
1. Ibangela intloko ebuhlungu, amehlo abuhlungu, njl.njl.: I-astigmatism ephezulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa kunokwenzeka ukuba ibangele intloko ebuhlungu, amehlo abuhlungu, njl njl. Ngoko ke, abo bane-astigmatism enzima kufuneka balungiswe.
2. Ukukhathala okubonakalayo: Ngenxa yamandla ahlukeneyo e-refractive ye-meridian nganye, i-astigmatism ayikwazi ukwenza ugxininiso xa i-refracting parallel light, kodwa imigca emibini ekugxilwe kuyo, ngoko ingqondo ilungele ukutolika okukhethiweyo kwezinto. Ukuze ubone imbonakalo yelizwe ngokucacileyo, i-astigmatism kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe kangangoko ukunciphisa ubungakanani besangqa sokusasazwa ukuphucula umgangatho womfanekiso. I-astigmatism ephezulu, ukuba ayilungiswanga kakuhle okanye ingenazo iiglasi, inokubangela ngokulula intloko, ukukhathala okubonakalayo kunye nezinye iimpawu, okwenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa ukukhathala okubonakalayo. .
3. Ukubona mfiliba kwezinto ezikufuphi nezikude: Abantu abane-astigmatism enzima baye bangaboni kakuhle kuzo zombini izinto ezikude nezikufuphi. Izigulana zihlala zinomkhwa wokuvala iinkophe zazo ngesiqingatha kunye nokukroba kwizithuba ukuze zibone izinto ngokucacileyo. icace ngakumbi.
4. Ukulahleka kombono: Kumehlo e-astigmatic, into ekujoliswe kuyo kwindlela ekude kumgca we-retina iya kuba lula ngombala, imiphetho iya kuba yimfiliba, kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukuyichonga. Umbono uya kuncipha, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, umbono ophindwe kabini uya kwenzeka. Ukongeza kwi-astigmatism yomzimba, zonke iintlobo ze-astigmatism zinokubangela ukulahleka kombono ngokulula.
5. Uxinzelelo kwi-eyeball: I-Astigmatism ilungiswa ngokubanzi ngeeglasi eziqhelekileyo okanye iilensi zokudibanisa. Ukuba i-trauma kunye ne-chalazion kwiinkophe aziphathwa ngexesha, ziya kucinezela i-eyeball ixesha elide kwaye zibangele i-astigmatism. Kwezinye iimeko, i-astigmatism inokudibaniswa ne-pseudomyopia. Qaphela ukuba inxalenye ye-pseudomyopia kufuneka isuswe, kwaye i-astigmatism inokulungiswa ngeeglasi.
6. I-Amblyopia: Isifo sixhaphake kakhulu kwi-astigmatism ephezulu, ngakumbi i-hyperopic astigmatism. Ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukubona kude kwaye kufutshane ngokucacileyo, kwaye umbono awukwazi ukusetyenziswa, i-amblyopia iyakwazi ukwenzeka, kwaye i-strabismus ivame ukwenzeka.
Iiglasi eziphezulu ze-astigmatic
Iilensi eziphezulu ze-astigmatic kunzima ukuzenza ngenxa yamandla azo anzulu. Ke ngoko, i-astigmatism ephezulu inokuxhotyiswa ngokubanzi iilensi zeresin ye-refractive index kunye noyilo lwe-aspherical, ukuze bangabonakali kakhulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iilensi ezine-astigmatism ephezulu ziqhelekile zilungelelaniswe uthotho lweelensi. Ukuphakama kwe-astigmatism, kunzima ngakumbi ukwenza ngokwezifiso, kwaye iiparameters ezinzima ngakumbi kufuneka ziyilwe. Kwi-astigmatism ephezulu kakhulu, iiparamitha zesakhelo nazo kufuneka zibonelelwe ukunceda kuyilo lwelensi.
Xa ukhetha izakhelo, kufuneka kwakhona uqwalasele iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ze-astigmatism ephezulu. Ekubeni ubukhulu bomphetho weelensi ze-astigmatism buhluka kakhulu, kufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi xa ukhetha iifreyimu. Khetha iifreyimu ze-titanium esulungekileyo okanye i-titanium alloy enedayamitha encinci enqamlezayo kunye nokuqina kwemathiriyeli eyomeleleyo. Unokukhetha kwakhona i-acetate fiber okanye iifreyimu zeplate kunye ne-shrinkage efanelekileyo. yima.
Akukhuthazwa ukuba ukhethe iifreyimu ezingenafreyimu okanye ezinesiqingatha. Kungcono ukhethe izakhelo ezipheleleyo. Xa kusetyenzwa kunye nokuveliswa, hlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwingxaki yokuphambuka kwe-lens etshintsha i-astigmatism axis ye-lens ngenxa yetekhnoloji engafanelekanga kunye nezixhobo ezisisigxina.
Unokukhetha njani iifreyimu ze-astigmatic kakhulu:
A. Nika kuqala izinto ezikhaphukhaphu
Ubunzima bezinto zesakhelo ngenye yezinto ezichaphazela ubunzima beeglasi. Kubantu abane-myopia ephezulu, xa ukhetha iifreyimu, unokunikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwizinto ezifana ne-titanium ecocekileyo, i-tungsten carbon, amashiti amancinci, kunye ne-TR90. Iifreyimu ezenziwe ngezi zixhobo ngokuqhelekileyo zilula kwaye kulula ukuzinxiba. Ikhululekile kakhulu, yomelele kwaye ayikhubeki lula.
B. Isakhelo esipheleleyo> Isakhelo esisiqingatha> Isakhelo esingena-Frame
I-astigmatism ephezulu ihlala ineelensi ezityebileyo, kwaye iifreyimu ezingenamphetho kunye ne-semi-rimless ziyakuveza iilensi, ezingachaphazeli nje inkangeleko kuphela, kodwa zenza ukuba iifreyimu zibe lula ukonakala, kubangela utshintsho kumbindi womgama weglasi kunye ne-astigmatism axis ye-astigmatism. iilensi, ezichaphazela umphumo wokulungisa. Abantu abane-astigmatism ephezulu bangcono xa bekhetha iifreyimu ezipheleleyo.
C. Isakhelo esikhulu asilokhetho olulungileyo
Abantu abanxiba iiglasi ezinkulu ezakhelwe ixesha elide banokufumana umbono oncitshisiweyo kunye nebala elimxinwa lombono. Ukuzinxiba ixesha elide kunokubangela isiyezi kunye nesiyezi. Iiglasi zefreyimu enkulu zinzima kwaye azifanelekanga kubantu abane-myopia ephezulu. Ukuzinxiba ixesha elide kuya kubeka uxinzelelo olunzima kwimpumlo, enokuthi iholele ngokulula kwi-deformation yebhulorho yempumlo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Kukho iiparameters ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ze-Optometry kunye neeglasi, ezifana ne-diopter kunye ne-interpupillary distance. Xa unxibe iiglasi zefreyimu enkulu, kufuneka uhlawule ngokukodwa ukuba indawo yomgama ehambelana nombindi weelensi ezimbini ihambelana nokuma komgama womfundi weliso lakho. Ukuba kukho ukutenxa, nokuba umyalelo weeglasi uchanekile, uya kuziva ukhululekile emva kokugqoka iiglasi. Zama ukukhetha isakhelo esinobubanzi obuncinci besibuko, kwaye uzame ukugcina ukuphakama okuphezulu kunye nokunciphisa kuncinci, ukwenzela ukuba induduzo ayiyi kuncitshiswa ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-peripheral.
D. Khetha isakhelo esinomgama osondeleyo phakathi kweendondo zamehlo.
Umgama wamehlo-eso ubhekisa kumgama ophakathi kwe-lens yangasemva kunye ne-vertex yangaphambili ye-cornea. Iilensi zokulungisa i-Astigmatism ziilensi ezisilinda. Ukuba umgama wamehlo uyanda, amandla okuhlaziya asebenzayo aya kuncipha (inqanaba eliphezulu, ukucutha okukhulu), kunye nombono ochanekileyo uya kuncipha. ukuhla. Umgama phakathi kweeglasi zamehlo zeeglasi eziphezulu ze-astigmatic kufuneka ube mncinci kangangoko. Ngokumalunga nokukhethwa kwendlela yesakhelo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwesakhelo, kufuneka uzame ukukhetha iimpumlo zempumlo okanye iilensi ezinomgama osondeleyo phakathi kweeglasi zamehlo.
E. Sukukhetha iifreyimu ezineetempile ezibhityileyo kakhulu
Ukuba iitempile zincinci kakhulu, amandla angaphambili nasemva kwesakhelo aya kungalingani, okwenza kube lula ukuba isakhelo sibe phezulu kwaye sibeke ubunzima obukhulu kwibhulorho yempumlo, okubangela ukuba iiglasi zityibilike. phantsi ngokulula kwaye echaphazela ukunxiba intuthuzelo. Ukuba une-astigmatism (ingakumbi abo bane-astigmatism ephakathi ukuya phezulu), xa ukhetha iiglasi, kufuneka ukhethe iifreyimu ezifanelekileyo kumgama we-interpupillary.
Impembelelo ye-astigmatism indawo ye-axis kwiiglasi
Uluhlu lwe-astigmatism lwe-axis luyi-1-180 degrees. Ndiya kugxininisa ekukhethweni kwezakhelo ze-180 kunye ne-90 ye-astigmatism axes.
Okokuqala kufuneka sazi ukuba i-astigmatism axis ikwi-180 °, ngoko ubukhulu bukwi-90 ° (ulwalathiso oluthe nkqo). Ke ngoko, ubude besakhelo sesakhelo esisikhethayo akufunekanga bube phezulu. Ukuba sikhetha isakhelo esinesakhelo esiphantsi, ubukhulu becala elithe nkqo buya kugugiswa, kwaye iilensi ezibangelwayo ziya kuba lula kwaye zincinci. (Ukuba isakhelo siphezulu, siya kuba singqukuva; ukuba isakhelo sisezantsi, siya kuba sisikwere ngokwendalo.)
Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba indawo ye-axis yi-90, ubukhulu buya kuba yi-180 (i-horizontal direction). Ngokuqhelekileyo inxalenye yethu enkulu ingaphandle, kwaye ubukhulu be-astigmatism bongezwa ngaphandle, ngoko ubukhulu buyabaxwa. Ke ngoko, isakhelo kufuneka sibe sincinci kwaye sincinci, oko kukuthi, ukusondela kwesimbuku sobubanzi be-lens + ububanzi beziko lomqadi kumgama wakho we-interpupillary, uya kuba mncinci. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhethe i-lens ephezulu yesalathisi ukwenza ubukhulu bungabonakali.
Ekufakeni iiglasi, "induduzo" kunye "nokucaca" zihlala ziphikisana kwaye kunzima ukudibanisa. Oku kuphikisana kubonakala ngakumbi kwiiglasi ezine-astigmatism. Ukucaca kufuna ukuziqhelanisa, kodwa ukuthuthuzela akuthethi ukucaca. Umzekelo, ukunganxibi iiglasi yeyona nto ikhululekileyo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ayicacanga.
Iiglasi ezine-astigmatism ephezulu zinovakalelo ngakumbi kwaye zifuna ingqwalasela echanekileyo ngakumbi kwi-Optometry kunye nomyalelo. Xa udibana ne-astigmatism ephezulu, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo ehambelana nesakhelo / ilensi kunye ne-astigmatism degree kunye ne-axis position ukuphepha izikhalazo zabathengi kunye nokungahambi kakuhle ngenxa yeengxaki zemveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-17-2023