I-Astigmatism sisifo samehlo esixhaphakileyo, esidla ngokubangelwa kukugoba kwe-cornea. I-Astigmatism yenzeka kakhulu xa umntu ezalwa nayo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, i-astigmatism inokwenzeka ukuba i-chalazion ehlala ixesha elide icinezela i-eyeball ixesha elide. I-Astigmatism, njenge-myopia, ayinakuguqulwa. Ngokubanzi, i-astigmatism engaphezulu kwama-300 degrees ibizwa ngokuba yi-astigmatism ephezulu.
Kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezinxulumene neeglasi ze-astigmatism eziphezulu, ingakumbi kubantwana nakubantu abaselula. Emsebenzini wokwenyani, iingcali zethu zamehlo zihlala zidibana nabantu abane-astigmatism ephezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha iilensi kunye neefreyimu ezifanelekileyo.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-astigmatism kunye ne-myopia
Imilo ye-cornea ayilunganga, ayingqukuva kodwa iyi-ellipsoidal. Amandla okujika kwicala elithe nkqo nakwicala elithe tye ahlukile. Ngenxa yoko, emva kokuba ukukhanya kwangaphandle kujikwe yi-cornea, ayinakwenza ingqwalasela xa ingena ngaphakathi kweliso. Endaweni yoko, yenza umgca ojolise ngqo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-retina ibonakale ifiphele, nto leyo ebangela ukulahleka kombono. Iingxaki ze-astigmatism, ngakumbi i-astigmatism encinci, zisenokungabi nampembelelo ingako embonweni, kodwa amanqanaba aphezulu e-astigmatism ngokuqinisekileyo aya kuba nempembelelo embonweni.
I-Myopia yenzeka xa ukukhanya kwangaphandle okufana nokukhanya kungena kwi-eyeball kwaye kujikeleziswa yinkqubo ye-refractive yeliso. Ingqwalasela yomfanekiso ayinakuwela kwi-retina, nto leyo ebangela ingxaki yokubona okufipheleyo kumgama. Kukho umahluko obalulekileyo kwimifanekiso ye-myopia kunye ne-astigmatism, kwaye zahlukile kakhulu kwinkqubo yokwenyani yokubona. Abantu abaninzi abanalo ulwazi olwaneleyo ngale nto, nto leyo ebangela ukudideka.
Kukho inani elincinci lezigulana ezine-astigmatism elula, kwaye uninzi lwazo lune-astigmatism ekufutshane okanye i-astigmatism ekude. Kwinkqubo ye-optometry, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonelela ngolungiso lwemithi ngokusekelwe kumahluko phakathi kwe-astigmatism kunye ne-myopia.
Inkcazo kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-astigmatism ephezulu
Ubunzima be-astigmatism bahlulwe ngokwezinga. I-Astigmatism engaphantsi kwe-150 degrees yi-astigmatism encinci, i-astigmatism ephakathi kwe-150 kunye ne-300 degrees yi-astigmatism ephakathi, kwaye i-astigmatism engaphezulu kwe-300 degrees yi-astigmatism ephezulu. I-astigmatism ephezulu inokubangela iingozi ezininzi emehlweni ethu:
1. Kubangela iintloko ezibuhlungu, amehlo abuhlungu, njl.njl.: I-astigmatism ephezulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa inokubangela iintloko ezibuhlungu, amehlo abuhlungu, njl.njl. Ingakhokelela ngokulula ekumeni kakubi njengokuthambekela kwentloko. Ke ngoko, abo bane-astigmatism enzima kufuneka balungiswe.
2. Ukudinwa kokubona: Ngenxa yamandla ahlukeneyo okujika kwe-meridian nganye, i-astigmatism ayinakwenza ingqwalasela xa ijika ukukhanya okulinganayo, kodwa imigca emibini egxile kuyo, ngoko ke ingqondo ithambekele ekuchazeni izinto ngokukhetha. Ukuze kubonwe ngokucacileyo imeko, i-astigmatism kufuneka ilungiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze kuncitshiswe ubungakanani besangqa sokusasazwa ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho womfanekiso. I-astigmatism ephezulu, ukuba ayilungiswanga kakuhle okanye ngaphandle kweeglasi, inokubangela iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukudinwa kokubona kunye nezinye iimpawu, okwenza kube lula ukuba kubekho ukudinwa kokubona.
3. Umbono ofipheleyo wezinto ezikufutshane nezikude: Abantu abane-astigmatism enzima bafumana umbono ofipheleyo wezinto ezikude nezikufutshane. Izigulane zihlala zinemikhwa yokuvala isiqingatha seenkophe zazo kwaye zijonge kwizikhewu ukuze zibone izinto ngokucacileyo.
4. Ukulahlekelwa kukubona: Kumehlo angabonakaliyo, ithagethi yokubona kwicala elikude nomgca ophambili we-retina iya kuba nombala okhanyayo, imiphetho iya kuba luzizi, kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukuyibona. Umbono uya kuncipha, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, kuya kubakho ukubona kabini. Ukongeza kwi-astigmatism ye-physiological, zonke iintlobo ze-astigmatism zinokubangela ukulahleka kokubona ngokulula.
5. Uxinzelelo kwi-eyeball: I-Astigmatism idla ngokulungiswa ngeeglasi eziqhelekileyo okanye iilensi zoqhagamshelwano. Ukuba ukwenzakala kunye nee-chalazions kwiinkophe azinyangwa ngexesha, ziya kuyicinezela i-eyeball ixesha elide kwaye zibangele i-astigmatism. Kwezinye iimeko, i-astigmatism inokudityaniswa ne-pseudomyopia. Qaphela ukuba inxalenye ye-pseudomyopia kufuneka isuswe, kwaye i-astigmatism inokulungiswa ngeeglasi.
6. I-Amblyopia: Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kwi-astigmatism ephezulu, ingakumbi i-hyperopic astigmatism. Ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukubona kude nakufutshane ngokucacileyo, kwaye umbono awukwazi ukubonakaliswa, i-amblyopia idla ngokuvela, kwaye emva koko i-strabismus idla ngokuvela.
Iiglasi ezibonisa ukuxinana okukhulu
Iilensi ezine-astigmatic ephezulu kunzima ukuzenza ngenxa yamandla azo anzulu. Ke ngoko, i-astigmatism ephezulu ngokubanzi inokuxhotyiswa ngeelensi ze-resin ze-refractive index eziphezulu kunye noyilo lwe-aspherical, ukuze zingabonakali zinkulu kakhulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iilensi ezine-astigmatism ephezulu zihlala ziluhlu lweelensi ezenzelwe wena. Okukhona i-astigmatism iphezulu, kokukhona kunzima ukuyila ngokwezifiso, kwaye kufuneka kuqulunqwe iiparameter ezintsonkothileyo. Kwi-astigmatism ephezulu kakhulu, iiparameter zesakhelo nazo kufuneka zinikezelwe ukunceda kuyilo lwelensi.
Xa ukhetha iifreyimu, kufuneka uqwalasele iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ze-astigmatism ephezulu kakhulu. Ekubeni ubukhulu bomphetho weelensi ze-astigmatism bahluka kakhulu, kufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi xa ukhetha iifreyimu. Khetha iifreyimu ze-titanium ezicocekileyo okanye ze-titanium alloy ezineedayamitha ezincinci ezinqamlezileyo kunye nokuqina kwezinto ezinamandla. Ungakhetha neefreyimu ze-acetate fiber okanye zeplate ezine-shrinkage elungileyo. linda.
Akucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe iifreyimu ezingenafreyimu okanye ezinesiqingatha sefreyimu. Kungcono ukhethe iifreyimu ezinefreyimu epheleleyo. Xa usenza kwaye usenza, nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwingxaki yokuphambuka kwelensi etshintsha i-axis ye-astigmatism yelensi ngenxa yetekhnoloji yokufakela engalinganiyo kunye nezixhobo ezizinzileyo.
Indlela yokukhetha iifreyimu ezixineneyo kakhulu:
A. Nika izinto ezikhaphukhaphu indawo yokuqala
Ubunzima bezinto ezisetyenziswa kwisakhelo sesinye sezizathu ezichaphazela ubunzima beglasi. Kubantu abane-myopia ephezulu, xa ukhetha iifreyimu, unokunika ingqalelo engakumbi kwizinto ezifana ne-titanium ecocekileyo, i-tungsten carbon, amaphepha amancinci, kunye ne-TR90. Iifreyimu ezenziwe ngezi zinto zihlala zikhaphukhaphu kwaye kulula ukuzinxiba. Zikhululekile kakhulu, zihlala ixesha elide kwaye aziguquguquki lula.
B. Isakhelo esipheleleyo> Isiqingatha sesakhelo> Isakhelo esingenasakhelo
I-astigmatism ephezulu idla ngokuba neelensi ezijiyileyo, kwaye iifreyimu ezingenamiphetho kunye neefreyimu ezingenamiphetho ziya kuveza iilensi, ezingachaphazeli nje kuphela inkangeleko, kodwa zenza kube lula ukuziguqula iifreyimu, nto leyo ebangela utshintsho kumgama ophakathi weglasi kunye ne-astigmatism axis yeelensi, nto leyo echaphazela isiphumo sokulungisa. Abantu abane-astigmatism ephezulu bangcono xa bekhetha iifreyimu ezinemiphetho epheleleyo.
C. Isakhelo esikhulu asilulo ukhetho olufanelekileyo
Abantu abanxiba iiglasi ezinkulu ixesha elide banokuba nombono ophantsi kunye nombono onciphileyo. Ukuzinxiba ixesha elide kunokubangela isiyezi kunye nesiyezi. Iiglasi ezinkulu zihlala zinzima kwaye azifanelekanga kubantu abane-myopia ephezulu. Ukuzinxiba ixesha elide kuya kubeka uxinzelelo olukhulu empumlweni, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ibhulorho yempumlo ijike ngokulula ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Kukho iiparameter ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ze-optometry kunye neeglasi, ezifana ne-diopter kunye nomgama we-interpupillary. Xa unxibe iiglasi ezinkulu, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekubeni indawo yomgama ehambelana nombindi weelensi ezimbini ihambelana nendawo yomgama weliso lakho. Ukuba kukho ukuphambuka, nokuba ummiselo weglasi uchanekile, uya kuziva ungakhululekanga emva kokunxiba iiglasi. Zama ukukhetha ifreyimu enobubanzi obuncinci besibuko, kwaye uzame ukugcina ukuphakama okuphezulu nokusezantsi kuncinci, ukuze intuthuzelo inganciphi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwe-peripheral.
D. Khetha ifreyimu enomgama osondeleyo phakathi kweeglasi zamehlo.
Umgama phakathi kwe-lens kunye neliso ubhekisa kumgama ophakathi kwe-vertex engasemva yelens kunye ne-vertex engaphambili ye-cornea. Iilens zokulungisa i-Astigmatism ziilens ezisilinda. Ukuba umgama phakathi kweliso neliso uyanda, amandla okuqaqambisa asebenzayo aya kuncipha (okukhona iqondo liphezulu, kokukhona ukuncipha kukhulu), kwaye umbono olungisiweyo uya kuncipha. Umgama phakathi kweeglasi zeglasi ezixineneyo kakhulu kufuneka ube mncinci kangangoko. Ngokuphathelele ukhetho lwesitayile sefreyimu kunye nokulungiswa kwefreyimu, kufuneka uzame ukukhetha ii-nose pads okanye iilensi ezinomgama osondeleyo phakathi kweeglasi zeliso.
E. Musa ukukhetha iifreyimu ezineetempile ezincinci kakhulu
Ukuba iitempile zincinci kakhulu, amandla angaphambili nangasemva kwesakhelo aya kungalingani, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba isakhelo sibe nzima kakhulu kwaye sibeke uninzi lobunzima kwibhulorho yempumlo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iiglasi zityibilike lula kwaye zichaphazele intuthuzelo yokunxiba. Ukuba une-astigmatism (ingakumbi abo bane-astigmatism ephakathi ukuya kwephezulu), xa ukhetha iiglasi, kufuneka ukhethe iifreyimu ezifanelekileyo kumgama we-interpupillary.
Impembelelo yendawo ye-astigmatism axis kwiiglasi
Uluhlu lwe-astigmatism axis luphakathi kwe-1-180 degrees. Ndiza kugxila ekukhetheni iifreyimu ze-180 kunye ne-90 astigmatism axes.
Okokuqala kufuneka sazi ukuba i-astigmatism axis ikwi-180°, emva koko ubukhulu bukwi-90° (ulwalathiso oluthe nkqo). Ke ngoko, ukuphakama kwefreyimu yefreyimu esiyikhethayo akufuneki kube phezulu. Ukuba sikhetha ifreyimu enefreyimu ephantsi, ubukhulu kwicala elithe nkqo buya kuphelelwa, kwaye iilensi eziphumayo ziya kuba lula kwaye zincinci ngokwemvelo. (Ukuba ifreyimu iphezulu, ngokwemvelo iya kuba yingqukuva; ukuba ifreyimu iphantsi, ngokwemvelo iya kuba sisikwere.)
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba indawo ye-axis yi-90, ubukhulu buya kuba yi-180 (ulwalathiso oluthe tye). Ngokuqhelekileyo eyona ndawo yethu ityebileyo ingaphandle, kwaye ubukhulu be-astigmatism bongezwa ngaphandle, ngoko ke ubukhulu buyagqithiswa. Ke ngoko, ifreyimu kufuneka ibe ncinci kwaye ibe ncinci, oko kukuthi, xa isimbuku sobubanzi belensi + ububanzi bomqadi osembindini sikufutshane nomgama wakho we-interpupillary, kokukhona iya kuba ncinci. Kuyimfuneko ukukhetha ilensi yesalathisi ephezulu ukuze ubukhulu bungabonakali kangako.
Ekufakeni iiglasi, "intuthuzelo" kunye "nokucaca" zihlala ziphikisana kwaye kunzima ukuzivumelanisa. Oku kuphikisana kucace ngakumbi kwiiglasi ezine-astigmatism. Ukucaca kufuna uhlengahlengiso, kodwa intuthuzelo akuthethi ukuba kucacile. Umzekelo, ukunganxibi iiglasi yeyona nto ikhululekileyo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akucaci.
Iiglasi ezine-astigmatism ephezulu zinobuthathaka ngakumbi kwaye zifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwi-optometry kunye ne-prescription. Xa udibana ne-astigmatism ephezulu, kufuneka uqaphele ukuhambelana kwefreyimu/ilensi kunye ne-astigmatism degree kunye ne-axis position ukuze uphephe izikhalazo zabathengi kunye nokungonwabi ngenxa yeengxaki zemveliso.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-17-2023